Programming languages

Programming languages

A programming language is a formal system designed to express computations, instruct computers, and describe algorithms. Each language has its own syntax, semantics, and execution model, allowing humans to represent procedures that machines can perform.

Overview

Programming languages are central to computer science. They serve as a bridge between human thought and machine execution, enabling the expression of algorithms, data manipulation, and interaction with hardware and software.

They are used in education, research, industry, and even art, playing a fundamental role in the advancement of human knowledge and technology.

List of programming languages

Below is a list of programming languages covered in TechPedia. The list is ordered alphabetically (numbers → A–Z → others). When creating a new language page, add it here.

0–9

• 1C:Enterprise
• 4th Dimension

A

• Ada
• ALGOL
• APL
• Assembly language

B

• B
• BASIC
• Brainfuck

C

• C
• C++
• C#
• COBOL

D

• D
• Dart

E

• Eiffel
• Elixir
• Erlang

F

• F#
• Fortran

G

• Go
• Groovy

H

• Haskell
• HTML (markup language)

J

• Java
• JavaScript
• Julia

K

• Kotlin

L

• Lisp
• Lua

M

• MATLAB
• Modula-2

N

• Nim

O

• Objective-C
• OCaml

P

• Pascal
• Perl
• PHP
• Prolog
• Python

R

• R
• Ruby
• Rust

S

• Scala
• Scheme
• Smalltalk
• Swift

T

• Tcl
• TypeScript

V

• V
• Verilog
• VHDL
• Visual Basic

W

• Wave
• Whitespace

Z

• Zig

Others

• Malbolge
• INTERCAL
• Esoteric programming languages

See also

• Computer science fundamentals
• Compilers & tools
• Operating systems

---

This article both introduces programming languages and serves as the central hub for the language list on TechPedia.